Total Motivation Part 2
1. CONTENT THEORY
1.a. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
This theory was developed by Abraham Maslow. According to him everybody has needs arranged into a hierarchy, from a basic need, physiology until the highest need, a self actualization. People will improve the target of need after getting a lower level of need to the higher one.
1.b. XY Theory
This theory was developed by Douglas McGregor. He divided type of people into 2 types, Type X and Type Y. The type X is the type of people who doesn’t like working hard, having less of responsibility, lazy and getting achievement after being forced.
According to McGregor people with type Y is more valid than type X one.
1.c. ERG Theory
This theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer. He mentioned that the needs is arranged in a hierarchy which the basic level is Existence need, it is the need which is satisfied by some factors such as food, drink, air, salary and working condition. The higher level after existence need is Relatedness need. It is the need which satisfied by an advantage social relationship. The highest level is Growth need, it is the need which the individual would feel satisfied if enable to give some contributions creatively and productively.
1.d. Mc. Clelland Theory
Mc. Clelland mentioned about the motivation theory related with study concept. The three needs could be learnt are need for achievement, need for power and need for affiliation. He said that if someone needs are strong, so the motivation to get them are strong too.
1.e. Hygiene – Motivation Theory
According to Frederick Hersberg, there are 2 factors of motivation, they are the factor which can make people feel unsatisfied and the factor which can make people feel satisfied.
2. PROCESS THEORY
2.a. Expectancy Theory
Victor Vroom said that people choose to act based on hopes which would be got from their action. Stronger the hope, they have a high motivation to act.
2.b. Goal Setting Theory
According to Edwin Locke, people has tendency to decide the target and struggle hardly to get it. But it would be motivated when the target is acceptable, clear and there’s a big hope to be able to get it.
2.c. Reinforcement Theory
B.F. Skinner said that behavior with a positive consistence has a tendency to be repeated. The other way, the behavior with negative consistence has a tendency for not being repeated.
2.d. Equity Theory
According to J. Stacy Adam, it is assumed that people compare their effort with the others in same working situation. This theory told that people motivated to be treated fairly.
